Year 31 » Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium off the western coast of Greece, forces of Augustus called Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII named Cleopatra.
Year 44 » Cicero launches the first of his 'Philippics' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months.
Year 47 » Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.
Year 421 Calendar » Galla Placidia, wife of the Emperor Constantius III, becomes a widow for the second time when he dies suddenly of an illness.
Year 1192 Calendar » The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade.
Year 1649 Calendar » The Italy named Italian city of Castro (city) named Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.
Year 1752 Calendar » Great Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, nearly two centuries later than most of Western Europe.
Year 1789 Calendar » The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.
Year 1792 Calendar » During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic Church bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers.
Year 1806 Calendar » A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457.
Year 1807 Calendar » The Royal Navy Battle of Copenhagen (1807) e.g bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon.
Year 1811 Calendar » The University of Oslo is founded as The Royal Fredericks University, after Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway.
Year 1833 Calendar » Oberlin College is founded by John Jay Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart in Oberlin, Ohio.
Year 1856 Calendar » The Tianjing Incident takes place in Nanjing, China.
Year 1859 Calendar » A Aurora (astronomy) Auroral events of historical significance e.g solar super storm affects electrical telegraph service.
Year 1864 Calendar » American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta called Atlanta, Georgia, a day after the Confederate States of America e.g Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign.
Year 1867 Calendar » Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō. The Queen consort called Empress consort is thereafter known as 'Lady Haruko'. Since her death in 1914, she is called by the posthumous name Empress Shōken.
Year 1870 Calendar » Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner.
Year 1885 Calendar » Rock Springs massacre: in Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Overseas Chinese known as Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing
Year 1898 Calendar » Battle of Omdurman United Kingdom or British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan.
Year 1901 Calendar » Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a Big Stick ideology called big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair.
Year 1912 Calendar » Arthur Rose Eldred is awarded the first Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America) named Eagle Scout award of the Boy Scouts of America.
Year 1935 Calendar » Labor Day Hurricane of 1935: a large tropical cyclone named hurricane hits the Florida Keys killing 423.
Year 1939 Calendar » World War II: following the start of the Invasion of Poland known as invasion of Second Polish Republic e.g Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany.
Year 1945 Calendar » World War II: Combat ends in the Pacific War Pacific Theater: the Japanese Instrument of Surrender (1945) Instrument of Surrender of Imperial Japan Japan is signed by Minister for Foreign Affairs (Japan) Japanese Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and acc
Year 1945 » Vietnam declares its independence, forming the North Vietnam e.g Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Year 1946 Calendar » The interim government of India is formed, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice President with the powers of a Prime Minister.
Year 1957 Calendar » President Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam becomes Ngo Dinh Diem presidential visit to Australia called the first foreign head of state to make a state visit to Australia.
Year 1958 Calendar » United States Air Force C-130 Hercules C-130A-II is shot down by fighters over Yerevan in Armenia when it strays into Soviet Union Soviet airspace while conducting a Signals intelligence sigint mission. All crew members are killed.
Year 1960 Calendar » The first election of the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration, in history of Tibet. The Tibetan community observes this date as the Democracy Day (Tibet) named Democracy Day.
Year 1970 Calendar » NASA announces the Canceled Apollo missions cancellation of two Apollo program Apollo missions to the Moon, Apollo 15 (the designation is re-used by a later mission), and Canceled Apollo missions Apollos 18–20 Apollo 19.
Year 1990 Calendar » Transnistria is unilaterally proclaimed a Soviet Union or Soviet republic; the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet called Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev declares the decision null and void.
Year 1992 Calendar » An 1992 Nicaragua earthquake e.g earthquake in Nicaragua kills at least 116 people.
Year 1998 Calendar » Swissair Flight 111 crashes near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia. All 229 people on board are killed.
Year 2013 Calendar » The new Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge or eastern span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opened to traffic, being the widest bridge in the world.