January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and one of seven months with the length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as the day of New Year. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer).
January symbols: The birthstone of January is the garnet which represents constancy. Its birth flower is the cottage pink Dianthus caryophyllus or galanthus. In Finnish, the month of tammikuu means the heart of the winter and because the name literally means Oak moon. The zodiac signs for the month of January are Capricorn (until January 19) and Aquarius (January 20 onwards). The traditional English birth month flower is the Carnation.
Historical Events for January, 1865
Day of Week 2nd » Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as Empire of Brazil e.g Brazilian and Colorado Party (Uruguay) e.g Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
Day of Week 4th » The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street in New York City named New York, New York.
Day of Week 15th » American Civil War: Fort Fisher in North Carolina Second Battle of Fort Fisher e.g falls to the Union, thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.
Day of Week 31st » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, abolishing slavery and submits it to the states for ratification.
31st » American Civil War: Confederate States of America e.g Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
Famous Birthdays on January in 1865
3rd » Henry Lytton, English actor and singer (d. 1936)
5th » Julio Garavito Armero, Colombian astronomer (d. 1920)
5th » Ban Johnson, American businessman, founded the Western League (original) known as Western League (d. 1931)
8th » Winnaretta Singer, American heiress (d. 1943)
10th » Mary Ingalls, American sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1928)
13th » Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909) named Princess Marie of Orléans (d. 1908)
17th » Sir Charles Fergusson, 7th Baronet, English general and politician, 3rd Governor-General of New Zealand (d. 1951)
28th » Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian author and politician (d. 1928)
28th » Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Finnish politician, 1st President of Finland (d. 1952)
31st » Henri Desgrange, French cyclist and journalist (d. 1940)
31st » Shastriji Maharaj, Indian spiritual leader, founded Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha named BAPS (d. 1951)
Famous Deaths for January 1865
8th » Aimé, duc de Clermont-Tonnerre, French general and politician (b. 1779)
16th » Edmond François Valentin About, French journalist and author (b. 1828)
19th » Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, French philosopher and anarchist (b. 1809)